Altaic etymology : Query result

Proto-Altaic: *p`ā́dV

Meaning: sober, attentive

Russian meaning: трезвый, внимательный

Turkic: *ād-

Mongolian: *hada- / *haǯi-

Comments: KW 2. A Turk.-Mong. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *p`āji

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: part

Russian meaning: часть

Mongolian: *hejil-

Tungus-Manchu: *pā

Japanese: *pia

Comments: Mong. *h- before a long vowel indicates PA *p`-.

Proto-Altaic: *p`ā̀là

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: field, level ground

Russian meaning: поле, равнина

Turkic: *ala-n / *ala-ŋ

Tungus-Manchu: *pāla-n

Korean: *pǝ́r(h)-

Japanese: *pàrà

Comments: Martin 238, АПиПЯЯ 67.

Proto-Altaic: *p`ā́ĺŋa ( ~ -e)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: palm (of hand)

Russian meaning: ладонь

Turkic: *āja ( ~ -ń-)

Mongolian: *haliga(n)

Tungus-Manchu: *palŋa

Korean: *pār

Comments: EAS 107, KW 7, Poppe 95, Цинциус 1984, 27-28, ОСНЯ 3, 94-95, Дыбо 317, Лексика 252, Doerfer MT 22, Rozycki 73 (but note that TM forms meaning 'foot, sole' should be certainly kept apart, see *pằlgà). The Mong.-Tung. match here seems impeccable, and (despite MT and Rozycki) borrowing is excluded. The Turkic form presents problems with a unique cluster development *-ĺŋ- > *-lń- > -ń-, but still is probably the reflex of the same root. The Korean form may belong here if we suppose a secondary semantic development 'palm' > 'handful' > 'armful'.

Proto-Altaic: *p`ā́nŋi

Meaning: to trace, investigate

Russian meaning: следить, исследовать

Turkic: *ēŋe-

Mongolian: *hana-

Tungus-Manchu: *panŋū-

Japanese: *pima-

Comments: The original meaning, still well traceable in Mong. and Jpn., must have been 'to follow (smb.) secretly, investigate stealthily'.

Proto-Altaic: *p`ā́ra

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to be tired

Russian meaning: уставать

Turkic: *ạ̄r-

Mongolian: *(h)ari-

Tungus-Manchu: *paru-

Korean: *parh-

Japanese: *pátá-

Comments: AKE 15, EAS 139, KW 13, Poppe 96, АПиПЯЯ 73, Цинциус 1984, 34, Мудрак Дисс. 182.

Proto-Altaic: *p`ā̀t`à

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to strike, hit

Russian meaning: бить, ударять

Turkic: *ạt-

Mongolian: *(h)atalga

Tungus-Manchu: *pāt(i)-

Korean: *pat-

Japanese: *pàtà-k-

Comments: SKE 194, 247, PKE 147, Цинциус 1984, 36.

Proto-Altaic: *p`ā́t`i

Meaning: trousers, boots

Russian meaning: штаны, сапоги

Turkic: *ētük

Tungus-Manchu: *pati

Korean: *pàtì

Comments: The Evk. word, albeit isolated in TM, builds a good bridge between the Turkic and the Korean forms.

Proto-Altaic: *p`edí

Meaning: energetic

Russian meaning: энергичный

Turkic: *ide (/*ede)

Mongolian: *(h)ide

Tungus-Manchu: *pede

Japanese: *pintua-

Comments: The meaning 'horrible' in Japanese must be secondary, going back to < 'extreme' < 'powerful, energetic', reflected elsewhere.

Proto-Altaic: *p`èjńé

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: bone

Russian meaning: кость

Turkic: *(j)ẹ̄n-čik

Mongolian: *ja-su

Tungus-Manchu: *peń-ŋen

Korean: *s-pjǝ́

Japanese: *pǝ̀niá

Comments: Martin 226, АПиПЯЯ 12, 13, 39-40, 67, 92, 274, Лексика 286. The irregular tone correspondence between Turk. and Kor.-Jpn. here should be probably explained by a secondary contraction *-ej- > *-ẹ̄- in PT. The medial *-j- is also responsible for the loss of *-ń- in Kor. and for the emergence of *j- in Mong. (*ja-su < *jan-su < *p`ejńe-sV). Kor. has here the *s-prefix (cf. also *s-kòrí 'tail',*s-pɨ́r 'horn').

Proto-Altaic: *p`èk`à

Meaning: to emit, throw

Russian meaning: испускать, бросать

Turkic: *ek-

Mongolian: *haka-la-

Tungus-Manchu: *peK-

Korean: *phɨ́-

Japanese: *pàk-

Comments: SKE 184. See also notes to *bi̯ura `abandon'.

Proto-Altaic: *p`ĕk`V

Meaning: acid, astringent

Russian meaning: кислый, вяжущий

Turkic: *ek-ĺči-

Mongolian: *(h)ekeɣü

Tungus-Manchu: *pekču-

Comments: ТМС 2, 304. A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *p`éle ( ~ -o)

Meaning: to mock; to feel mocked at, be shy, distracted

Russian meaning: насмехаться; чувствовать насмешку, стыдиться

Turkic: *elük

Mongolian: *hel-

Tungus-Manchu: *pel-

Japanese: *pǝ́rá-

Comments: Цинциус 1984, 68.

Proto-Altaic: *p`ĕ̀ĺo

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to walk, to run

Russian meaning: ходить, бежать

Turkic: *ẹĺ-

Mongolian: *hülde-

Tungus-Manchu: *peli- (/*puli-)

Korean: *pā̆rb-

Japanese: *pàsìr-

Comments: Цинциус 1984, 46-47, JOAL 119, Street 1985, 646.

Proto-Altaic: *p`émi

Meaning: thread, twist a thread

Russian meaning: нить, сучить нить

Mongolian: *himer-

Tungus-Manchu: *pem- / *pim-

Japanese: *pímǝ́

Comments: Cf. notes to *p`ujme for possible reflexes in Manchu, Jurchen and Korean.

Proto-Altaic: *p`eńu

Meaning: a k. of edible root

Russian meaning: вид съедобного корня

Turkic: *Ań

Mongolian: *(h)ojimu

Tungus-Manchu: *peńe-kte

Comments: A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *p`éŋi

Meaning: to gape, hole

Russian meaning: зиять, отверстие

Turkic: *eŋ-

Tungus-Manchu: *peŋ-

Korean: *pǝ̀ŋ-

Japanese: *pímá

Comments: SKE 197-198. Most languages reveal a variation of meanings 'gap' > 'to gape' ( > 'laugh, smile, be perplexed'). On a possible trace of this root in Mong. see *àŋa.

Proto-Altaic: *p`ép`a

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of insect

Russian meaning: вид насекомого

Turkic: *apa-

Mongolian: *haba-kai

Tungus-Manchu: *pep-

Japanese: *pápái

Comments: An expressive root (possibly denoting originally some kind of locust or grasshopper), with some tabooistic changes in Turkic and Mongolian.

Proto-Altaic: *p`èrì

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: edge

Russian meaning: край

Turkic: *Erneg

Mongolian: *hir-

Tungus-Manchu: *pere

Japanese: *piàrì

Comments: Цинциус 1984, 69-70, АПиПЯЯ 12, 281, ЭСТЯ 1, 301. Jpn. *piari instead of *piri probably under the influence of *pia 'edge, border' q. v. (or else it may indicate a reconstruction *p`èjrì). Cf. *p`ire.

Proto-Altaic: *p`erkV

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to tie round, surround

Russian meaning: обвязывать, окружать

Mongolian: *hergi-

Tungus-Manchu: *perke-

Comments: Poppe 103, Цинциус 1984, 70. A Mong.-Tung. isogloss.